Hauj lwm lawm

Kev tsis

Dab tsi yog 1, 3- benzenediol

1, {3- renedediol, tseem muaj cov resorcin lossis m-hydroquinone, belongs rau chav kawm ntawm cov organic cov npe hu ua resorcinols. Resorcinols yog cov sib xyaw ua ke muaj cov resorcinol moiety, uas yog benzene ntiv nplhaib ob txoj haujlwm hydroxyles nyob rau hauv txhua tus kab mob muaj sia, kwv yees li cov kab mob rau tib neeg. 1, {3- benzenediol yog creamy, hawthorn, thiab prosts qab qab compound. 1, {3- benzenediol tau kuaj pom, tab sis tsis muaj nuj nqis, thiab cov khoom noj kas fes, thiab cov kua quav ntsej muag, thiab java plums. Qhov no tuaj yeem ua rau 1, {12}} benzenediol lub peev xwm biomarker rau kev siv ntawm cov zaub mov no. 1, {{14 {14}} benzenediol yog qhov muaj peev xwm lom neeg. Ntxiv rau, ochronedous yog txuam nrog lub sij hawm ntev raug rau resorcinol. Cov ntaub ntawv hais txog cov txheej txheem tshwj xeeb ntawm kev ua ntawm resorcinol tsis zoo li yooj yim nkag rau hauv cov ntawv. Txawm li cas los xij, lub luag haujlwm ua si los ntawm iodide ions hauv irreversible inactivation ntawm cov enzymes tseem tsis tau elucidated. Resorcinol ua haujlwm los ntawm kev pab tshem tawm cov nyuaj, kuj yog tawv nqaij lossis tawv nqaij. Tshwj xeeb, nws pom tias resorcinol tau qhia rau kev kho pob txuv, lossis cov peels revolves nyob ib ncig ntawm cov khoom siv tawv nqaij txhaws los ntawm cov tawv nqaij kho. Nyob rau hauv LPO thiab TPO, lub txiaj ntsig π-cation radical ntawm lub porkyrin tuaj yeem yog radical cation nrog lub sadomal nyob rau hauv lub saw aromatic sab ntawm lub enzyme. Nyob rau hauv Vitro thiab hauv Vivo kev tshawb fawb tau pom tias resorcinol tau inhibit penroid thiab tom qab ntawv thaiv cov thyroid cov tshuaj hormones thiab tom qab cov neeg mus kawm.

Vim li cas thiaj xaiv peb

01/

Kev nplua nuj
Tsim tau nyob rau hauv 2014, Hangzhou tau tshwm sim los ua tus thawj coj ua lag luam hauv kev lag luam hauv kev lag luam, tshwj xeeb hauv kev tsim khoom thiab faib khoom ntau ntawm cov khoom lag luam zoo.

02/

Cov khoom lag luam zoo
Peb ib txwm tso cov neeg siv khoom thiab kev cia siab hauv thawj qhov chaw, kho kom zoo dua, txhawm rau txhim kho txhua lub sijhawm, los muab txhua txoj kev cia siab, los muab cov kev pabcuam zoo dua qub, los muab cov kev pabcuam zoo dua qub rau txhua lub sijhawm.

03/

Innovation thiab tshawb fawb
Nyob rau hauv lub toj roob hauv pes puas tau-hloov kho cov tshuaj, peb lub tuam txhab sawv raws li cov khoom ua tau zoo, kev tsim kho tshiab, thiab cov qhua tuaj noj mov. Txij li thaum peb tsim lub xyoo 2014, peb tau txuas ntxiv loj hlob thiab hloov zuj zus mus ntxiv, hloov pauv hloov thaum txhawb nqa peb cov tseem ceeb.

04/

High Efficiency logistic
Thaum lub hauv paus hauv Suav teb, peb cov kev tawm hauv ntiaj teb pab peb los pabcuam cov neeg siv khoom thoob ntiaj teb. Nrog kev faib tawm muaj zog heev thiab siv tau zoo, peb paub meej cov khoom xa tuaj thiab kev sib tw ua haujlwm hla ciam teb.

4-} chloresorcinol

Siv rau hauv cov khoom siv hluav taws xob hauv nruab nrog cev los npaj ntau cov ether derivatives; siv rau luam ntawv kos; analytical reagents. Soluble hauv dej, cawv, ether, benzene thiab carbon disculfide. Tuaj yeem sublimated. reacts nrog ferric chloride los tsim cov xim xiav xim.

{{0 {0}} Aminodiphenylamine Plone Intermediates

{{0 {0}} Aminodiphenylamine: Ze Tozediates. Mas siv los tsim cov tshuaj tiv thaiv ntau yam tseem ceeb xws li 4010na, 4020 thiab 668; Txhawm rau tsim cov xiav xiav ntsev rt, acidic liab gr, dispersed daj GFL, thiab lwm yam.

2- methylresorcinol

2, {{6-} dihyresdole, tseem hu ua 2- methylresorcinol hauv lus Askiv. Nws yog cov khoom dawb nyob hauv ib txwm muaj. Nws muaj qee yam kev siv tshuaj lom solubility hauv dej thiab nws cov kua aqueous yog acidic. Soluble nyob rau hauv ib txwm organic kuab tshuaj. 2, {6-}}}}}}}}}}}}}}}}} Cov tshuaj sib xyaw ua ke hauv cov tshuaj zoo, thiab tshuaj tua kab, pleev xim rau cov plaub hau, thiab lwm yam.

Cov kua qaub

Los acid yog siv los npaj cov qoob loo thiab cov organic pigments, thiab lwm yam pig., Thiab tseem siv los npaj cov photoresist duab 215.

Orthoaminophenol

Orthoaminophenol: organic synthesis thiab zas xim intermediates. Siv los tsim cov kua qaub dub r, sulfide daj xim av, fluorenescent tus neeg sawv cev Ebf, thiab lwm yam nws tseem yog qhov ntsuas reagent rau kub thiab nyiaj. Kev nqus cov khoom no los ntawm daim tawv nqaij tuaj yeem ua rau cov tawv nqaij no tuaj yeem ua rau cov tawv nqaij dermatitis, metemoglobinemia thiab mob hawb pob.

2- methylresorcinol

1- Phenyy -3- methyl {{2} pyrazolone

Nws yog tsuas yog siv rau cov synthesis ntawm pyrazolone antipyretic thiab cov tshuaj analgesic xws li metamizole, antipyrine, thiab aminopyrine; Nws kuj tseem siv rau cov synthesis ntawm pyrazolone acid ua rau muaj cov acid nruab nrab liab bn, tas mus li daj g, Xim zaj duab xis dyes, thiab tshuaj tua kab. thiab lwm yam nruab nrab ntawm cov tshuaj zoo.

ZOOV XEEM QHIB PPD

Nws yog qhov tseem ceeb zas nyob nruab nrab, feem ntau yog siv los tsim AZO Dyes thiab Sulphur Dyes, thiab tseem siv tau los tsim plaub dub D thiab Roj Hmab Antioxidant DNP, thiab lwm yam.

Zig intermediates PMP

1, {3- benzenediol ntawm lub cev cov khoom

Melting taw tes thiab boiling taw tes

1, {{3- benzenediol muaj lub ntsiab lus melting ntawm {2}} degree ntawm 283 degree (liter).

Ceev

1, {3- benzenediol muaj qhov ntom ntom ntawm 1.223 G / ML ntawm 25 degree. 3. Referctive Performance index: 1, 3-}}}}}}}} benzenediol ntawm 20 degree.

Refronction Index

1.537 ntawm 20 / d. 4. Solubility: 1.537 ntawm 20 / d.

Solubility hauv DepethylsulfsulfSulfSulfSulfffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffeffeffeffeffeffefof ntau dua lossis sib npaug rau 43 mg / ml (282.62 mm).

Tsos thiab khoom

1, {{3- benzenediol yog ib qho tsis muaj kob daj rau cov txiv kab ntxwv ua kua.

Txuj ci thiab cov txheej txheem rau kev npaj ntawm 1, {1}} benenediol

1. Kev txheeb ze
Txoj kev lom neeg yog kev tsim ntawm 1, 3- benzentiol los ntawm microbial fermentation. Feem ntau siv cov microorganisms suav nrog Eschcherichia coli, poov xab thiab li ntawd. Cov txheej txheem ntau lawm ntawm txoj kev lom zem yog qhov yooj yim, yooj yim rau kev khiav lag luam thiab ib puag ncig phooj ywg, yog li nws yog favory formaled. Cov kauj ruam tshwj xeeb yog raws li hauv qab no
1) Cov ntaub ntawv sib xyaw xws li cov kua roj carbon xws li cov hmoov nplej thiab pob kws nrog cov as-ham xws li nitrogen thiab phosphorus cov peev txheej los ua qhov nruab nrab fermentation.
2) Inoculate cov microbial ib hom me me rau hauv fermentation nruab nrab thiab tswj qhov kub thiab txias, pH thiab lwm yam kev cuam tshuam los ua kom cov kab mob loj tuaj thiab muab cov kab mob sib txuas.
3) Cov kab mob me me yuav tsim 1. {3- benzenediol hauv cov txheej txheem ntawm cov metabolism hauv cov txheej txheem ntau dua yuav tau txais kev sib cais thiab huv.

2. Tshuaj Yeeb
Cov qauv tshuaj yog cov khoom siv ntawm 1, 3- benzenediol los ntawm tshuaj lom neeg cov tshuaj lom neeg. Cov ntaub ntawv feem ntau yog acetaldehyde, hydrogen, formaldehyde, etc. Cov kauj ruam tshwj xeeb yog raws li hauv qab no
1) acetaldehyde yog hydrogenated nrog hydrogenated nrog hydrogen nyob rau hauv lub xub ntiag ntawm catalyst los tsim butanol.
2) butanol reacts nrog dej nyob hauv qab acidic tej yam kev mob los ua 1, 3- benenediol.
3) 1) 1, {3-}}}}}}}}}}}}}}}}}}}}}}}}}}}} ecurities los ntawm impurillation thiab recification kom muab cov khoom siab purity.

3. Cov txheej txheem rov qab los ntawm cov txheej txheem
Hauv qee cov txheej txheem kev siv tshuaj Los ntawm kev rov qab los ntawm cov khoom lag luam, 1, {5}} benzenediol tseem tuaj yeem tau txais. Cov kauj ruam tshwj xeeb yog
1) Sau cov khoom lag luam uas muaj 1, 3- benzenediol thaum lub sijhawm ua khoom.
2) cais tawm 1. {3-}}}}}}}}}}}} ecurities los ntawm impuralation, Recification thiab lwm cov txheej txheem kom tau txais cov khoom siab dua.

Kev ceev faj rau kev npaj ntawm 1, 3- benenediol

Airtight ua haujlwm thiab kev tso pa:Thaum lub sijhawm npaj kev npaj, kev ua haujlwm dav dav thiab kev ua pa tag nrho yuav tsum yog kom tiv thaiv kom tsis muaj pa roj.

Tus neeg teb xov tooj kev kawm:Cov neeg ua haujlwm yuav tsum tau kawm tshwj xeeb thiab nruj me ntsis ua raws cov txheej txheem ua haujlwm kom ntseeg tau tias kev ua haujlwm nyab xeeb.

Txav deb ntawm hluav taws thiab cov khoom cua sov:Cov chaw ua haujlwm yuav tsum tau ceev tseg ntawm hluav taws thiab cov chaw ua cua sov, thiab kev haus luam yeeb txwv tsis pub tiv thaiv hluav taws thiab tawg.

Siv cov khoom tawg-pov thawj:Tawg tawg-muab pov thawj ua pa tshuab thiab khoom siv yuav tsum tau siv los tiv thaiv cov vapors los ntawm kev nkag mus rau hauv cov chaw ua haujlwm.

Zam kev sib cuag nrog oxidising thiab txo cov neeg sawv cev:Zam kev sib cuag nrog oxidising thiab txo cov neeg sawv cev thaum npaj los tiv thaiv cov tshuaj tiv thaiv tsis tsim nyog.

Ntim thiab unpack maj mam:Lub teeb ntim thiab tsis tuaj yeem nqa tawm yuav tsum tau nqa tawm thaum thauj khoom kom tiv thaiv kev puas tsuaj rau lub pob thiab kom tsis txhob xau.

Nruab nrog cov khoom hluav taws kub-sib ntaus:Cov chaw ua haujlwm yuav tsum tau nruab nrog hluav taws kub uas tsim nyog sib ntaus thiab txau cov khoom siv los cuam tshuam nrog cov xwm txheej kub ntxhov.

Dab tsi yog qhov zoo ntawm kev siv 1, 3- benenediol?

Kev Thov Kev Kho Mob thiab Kev Siv Daim Duab
◆ Treatment of skin disorders: Certain derivatives of 1,3-benzenediol, such as 1,3-benzenediol monoacetate, are used to treat skin conditions such as acne, seborrhoeic dermatitis, eczema and psoriasis. Lawv yuav ua rau lawv cov kev kho mob uas cuam tshuam los ntawm kev ua pa tawm, txo cov roj av lossis muaj cov tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob.
Cov tshuaj tua kab mob thiab tshuaj tua kab mob: 1, 3-}}}}}}}}}} memfives and້ນ thiab tuaj yeem siv los tiv thaiv cov tawv nqaij thiab cov yeeb yaj kiab thiab kab mob.

Tshuaj lom neeg Kev Lag Luam Kev Lag Luam
◆ Tshuaj Nruab Nrab Nruab Nrab: 1, {3-}}}}}}}}}} pa ntawm cov tshuaj lom neeg, cov txuj lom, tshuaj tua kab thiab lwm yam tshuaj tua kab.
◆ Hnyav: 1, {3- Benzene Glycol MonoCol MonoCol Monoacetives thiab lwm yam kev txawv txav los ua cov tshuaj uas muaj cov txheej txheem tshuaj lom neeg.

Kev ntsuas kev ntsuas
◆ irration: 1, 3-}}}}}}}}}}}}}}}}}}} Nws tuaj yeem ua rau lub qhov muag, ua pa rau cov tawv nqaij thiab tawv nqaij. Nws yog vim li cas tseem ceeb kom hnav khaub ncaws tiv thaiv uas tsim nyog thiab ua raws cov txheej txheem kev nyab xeeb thaum siv.
◆ Toxicity: Txawm tias 1, {3-}}}}}} ultedediol yog muaj kev phom sij lossis kev ua phem rau tib neeg kev noj qab haus huv. Yog li ntawd, nws siv thiab kev tuav yuav tsum yog tswj hwm nruj me ntsis.
◆ Kev ua raws cai: Thaum siv 1, 3-}}}}}}}} Cov kev cai los ua kom ntseeg tau tias lawv txoj kev yuav tsum muaj kev nyab xeeb.

1, {3- benzenediol daim ntawv thov

Tshuaj lom neeg thiab tshuaj tua kab mob
1, {{3- benzenediol Monoacettant yog ib qho kev siv tshuaj tua kab mob ntau nyob rau hauv ntau cov khoom lag luam thiab tiv thaiv cov kab mob me me.

Raws daws

1, {{3-}} Tsis tau siv rau qee qhov kev daws teeb meem thiab muaj peev xwm ua tau ib qho kev ua haujlwm tseem ceeb hauv kev tsim cov tshuaj lom neeg.

Kws Tshuaj Thiab Tshuaj Synthesis
Hauv cov tshuaj synthesis, 1, 3- benaklycol yog siv nyob rau hauv kev tsim cov tshuaj. Nws kuj tseem siv tau nyob rau hauv synthesis ntawm cov tshiab polyester pt thiab raws li cov khoom siv hluav taws xob thiab pib cov khoom siv rau cov hluavtaws ntawm cov antioxidants tshiab.

Yam kom txiav txim siab thaum xaiv 1, 3- benzenediol

1. Purity:Lub purity ntawm 1, {3- benzenediol yog qhov kev txiav txim siab tseem ceeb thaum xaiv cov khoom. Qhov siab dua cov kev coj dawb huv, tsawg dua kev ua kom tawv nws yog rau ntawm daim tawv nqaij thiab nws tau zoo dua nws.

2. Daim ntawv thov:Txawv 1, {{3- benzeniol rho tawm muaj cov teebmeem sib txawv thiab yuav tsum tau xaiv raws li koj cov kev xav tau. Piv txwv li, 1, {3-}}}}}} cov khoom siv cov tawv nqaij thiab cov tshuaj pleev ib ce, ua kom tawv nqaij softer thiab smoother, thiab muaj antioxidant muaj nuj nqi, Qhov twg tuaj yeem pab tiv thaiv cov tawv nqaij los ntawm kev puas tsuaj los ntawm ib puag ncig qias neeg thiab UV hluav taws xob.

3.ingedient txuam:1, {3- benzene glycol extract cov khoom siv raw tuaj yeem siv nrog cov khoom xyaw sib txawv, cuam tshuam qhov zoo ntawm cov khoom.

Kev cia khoom zoo thiab tuav ntawm 1, 3- benenediol

01.

Cia kub

1, {3- benzenediol yuav tsum tau khaws cia hauv qab 30 degree kom tiv thaiv tsis zoo.

02.

Ntim Ntim

Xyuas kom meej tias lub thawv ntim tau kaw zoo los tiv thaiv kom tsis txhob muaj kev phom sij thiab noo noo nqus. Txog kev hloov khoom 1, 3- benzenediol, cov roj lossis dej foob yuav siv tau txo qis volatilisation.

03.

Kov nrog noo noo

1, {{3- benzeneglycol nyiam nqus noo noo, yog li ntawd nws yuav tsum tau muab tso rau hauv ib puag ncig qhuav thiab yog tias tsim nyog siv cov ciab foob tuaj yeem siv los tiv thaiv kev nqus dej noo.

04.

Kev zam ntawm lub teeb

1, {{{1} benzenediol yuav tsum tau khaws cia rau hauv ib qho chaw tiv thaiv los ntawm lub teeb los tiv thaiv cov tshuaj tiv thaiv tshuaj lom neeg thiab tsis zoo los ntawm lub teeb.

Peb Lub Hoobkas

Tsim tau nyob rau hauv 2014, Hangzhou tau tshwm sim los ua tus thawj coj ua lag luam hauv kev lag luam hauv kev lag luam, tshwj xeeb hauv kev tsim khoom thiab faib khoom ntau ntawm cov khoom lag luam zoo.
Nrog rau cov kev cog lus ruaj khov los ua kom muaj kev hloov kho tshiab, zoo, thiab cov qhua tuaj yeem ua raws li peb txoj haujlwm ua tus xa khoom lag luam hauv Suav Tshuaj.
Nyob rau hauv lub toj roob hauv pes puas tau-hloov kho cov tshuaj, peb lub tuam txhab sawv raws li cov khoom ua tau zoo, kev tsim kho tshiab, thiab cov qhua tuaj noj mov. Txij li thaum peb tsim lub xyoo 2014, peb tau txuas ntxiv loj hlob thiab hloov zuj zus mus ntxiv, hloov pauv hloov thaum txhawb nqa peb cov tseem ceeb. Raws li cov khoom lag luam muaj txiaj ntsig ntawm cov pigments, dyes, pleev xim rau cov khoom xyaw, thiab ntau dua, peb txaus siab ua koj tus khub hauv kev sib deev thiab lub ntiaj teb ci.

Daim ntawv muaj cai

Cov FAQ

Q: Dab tsi yog cov kev siv ntawm 1, 3- benenediol?

A: 1, {{3-}}}}}}}}}} }ervatives, tshuaj lom neeg, thiab tshuaj lom neeg nruab nrab rau kev tsim cov tshuaj.

Q: Dab tsi yog molecular hnyav ntawm 1, 3- benenediol?

A: Qhov hnyav molecular ntawm 1, 3- benzenediol yog 110.11 g / mol.

Q: Puas yog benzene 1, 3- diol soluble hauv dej?

A: Nws yog ib qho ntawm peb isomerer benzenediols, 1, 3- omomer (lossis meta-isomer). Resorcinol Crystallizes los ntawm Benzene raws li cov xim tsis muaj kob uas tau yooj yim hauv dej hauv choloroform thiab carbon disulfide.

Q: Puas yog resorcinol yaj nyob rau hauv dej kub?

A: Resorcinol disulfonic acid (ho) 2c6h2 (HSO3) 2, yog ib tug deliquescent mass tau los ntawm qhov kev txiav txim ntawm cov sulfuric acid on resorcin. Nws yog yooj yim soluble hauv dej thiab decomposes thaum rhuab rau 100 degree.

Q: Cov mis molecular rau 1, 3- benenediol?

A: Cov mis molecular rau 1, 3- benzenediol yog c6h6o2.

Q: Dab tsi yog qhov taw tes melting ntawm 1, 3- benenediol?

A: Lub ntsiab lus melting ntawm 1, 3-}}}}}} Degree, tab sis nws yuav txawv me ntsis vim muaj kev coj dawb huv thiab kev npaj.

Q: Dab tsi yog qhov npau npau ntawm 1, 3- benenediol?

A: Lub qhov cub npau npau ntawm 1, 3- benzenediol yog txog 275 degree.

Q: Dab tsi yog qhov ntom ntawm 1, 3- benenediol?

A: Lub ntom ntom ntawm 1, 3-}}}}}}} Tus nqi tshwj xeeb heev dua li cov khoom kub xws li kub thiab siab.

Q: Yog 1, 3- benzeniol soluble hauv dej?

A: 1, {{3-}}}}}}}}} Tsis muaj me ntsis solvle hauv cov kuab tshuaj yeeb yaj kiab xws li ethanol thiab acetone.

Q: Dab tsi yog cov isomers ntawm 1, 3- benenediol?

A: Cov omers ntawm 1, 3- benzenediol tsuas yog suav nrog categechol thiab hydroquinone.

Q: Dab tsi yog qhov derivatives ntawm 1, 3- benenediol?

A: There are many kinds of derivatives of 1,3-benzenediol, such as 1,3-benzenediol monoacetate, which have important applications in the fields of medicine and chemical industry.

Q: Yuav ua li cas lom yog 1, 3- benenediol?

A: 1, {{3-}}}}}}}}} kev tiv thaiv qis, tab sis kev nyab xeeb kev nyab xeeb tseem xav tau hauv kev siv cov ntawv thov.

Q: Yuav ua li cas npaj 1, 3- benenediol?

A: There are many methods for preparing 1,3-Benzenediol, including chemical synthesis, biotransformation, etc. The specific method to be selected depends on factors such as production scale, cost, and environmental protection requirements.

Q: Cov ntawv thov ntawm 1, 3- benzenediol hauv lub chaw tshuaj?

A: Hauv cov chaw muag tshuaj, 1, {3-}}}}}}}}} pa tau los npaj ntau yam tshuaj, xws li cov tshuaj tua kab mob, tiv thaiv cov tshuaj tiv thaiv qog ua, thiab lwm yam.

Q: Cov kev siv ntawm 1, 3- benzenediol hauv zas xim?

A: Hauv daim teb zas, 1, {3-}}}}}}}}}}}}}}}} kub rau cov synthesis ntawm ntau yam ntawm cov organic dyes.

Q: Cov ntawv thov ntawm 1, 3- benzenediol hauv tshuaj pleev ib ce?

A: Hauv tshuaj pleev ib ce, 1, {3-}}}}}} ant antxxidants thiab lwm yam khoom xyaw, uas pab kom txuas lub txee lub neej thiab kev ruaj ntseg ntawm cov tshuaj pleev ib ce.

Q: Dab tsi yog qhov chaw cia rau 1, 3- benenediol?

A: 1, {{3-}}}}} qhov chaw, qhov chaw qhuav, thiab cov kua roj cua, acids thiab lwm yam tshuaj.

Q: Cov kev ceev faj yog dab tsi rau kev thauj mus los ntawm 1, 3- benenediol?

A: Thaum thauj 1, {3- kev cai thauj khoom yuav tsum tau ua raws li kev thauj mus los thiab kev sib xyaw ua ke nrog oxidants, acids thiab lwm yam tshuaj.

Q: Dab tsi yog cov pov tseg kev kho mob rau 1, 3- benenediol?

A: Khib 1, {{3- benzenediol yuav tsum tau kho raws li kev tiv thaiv ib puag ncig kev tiv thaiv ib puag ncig. Nws raug nquahu kom siv lub zog lossis xa mus rau qhov chaw ua hauj lwm pov tseg kev lag luam rau kev kho tsis zoo.

Q: Yuav ua li cas los xyuas cov ntsiab lus lossis kev coj dawb huv ntawm 1, {1}} benenediol?

A: Muaj ntau txoj hauv kev los tshawb xyuas cov ntsiab lus lossis kev coj dawb huv ntawm 1, xws li chenterediol, thiab lwm yam uas yuav tsum tau ua thiab cov qauv coj mus kuaj.

Cim npe nrov: 1, {3- benzenediol, Tuam Tshoj 1, {{}}}} kws muag khoom, cov chaw muag khoom, Hoobkas